阻燃性能
建筑材料的阻燃要求根據其在不同的使用場(chǎng)所有特定的規范，例如公共場(chǎng)所，高層建筑等場(chǎng)所相應的建材阻燃要求會(huì )較高。因此，對建材本身的阻燃性能進(jìn)行了解和掌握是每個(gè)生產(chǎn)商/經(jīng)銷(xiāo)商/消費者都必須具備的技術(shù)信息，它能幫助我們在選購/使用建材時(shí)提供有效的指導意見(jiàn)。同時(shí)，各國/地區對于建筑的阻燃測試都配套有強制性的標準方法。
歐盟為了更加嚴格的規范建筑產(chǎn)品CE認證，自2013年7月1日起，歐盟頒布的建筑產(chǎn)品法規Construction Product Regulation No.305/2011/EU-CPR(簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)CPR法規)將全面取代原來(lái)的建筑產(chǎn)品CE認證指令(Construction product directive 89/106/EEC-CPD(簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)CPD指令)，進(jìn)入強制實(shí)施階段。其中防火性能是CE認證里面最關(guān)注的性能指標之一，對應的測試標準為EN 13501阻燃分級系列標準。
美國的NFPA 101生命安全規范，該規范旨在規定必要建造、保護和居住使用功能，以最大程度減小火災影響對生命造成的危險，包括火災中產(chǎn)生的煙，熱，有毒氣體。引用的測試方法包括ASTM E84，ASTM E 136，ASTM E 119等，對不同類(lèi)型的建筑場(chǎng)所提出了相應的阻燃要求。
中國的建材使用主要遵照1984年頒布實(shí)施的“中華人民共和國消防條例”。在實(shí)際應用中，材料的性能要求及應用范圍還應依據具體的相關(guān)法律法規，如：建筑設計防火規范(GB 16-87)，高層民用建筑設計防火規范(GB 50045-95)，建筑內部裝修設計防火規范(GB 50222-95)等。為了評估建材的阻燃性能，中國國家質(zhì)量技術(shù)監督局制定了“建筑材料及制品燃燒性能分級”(GB8624-2006)和(GB8624-20012)標準。該標準對建材的阻燃性能作了明確分類(lèi)，并詳細表述了建材相應的測試方法及技術(shù)參數是否達到相應的阻燃等級。
建材防火測試產(chǎn)品范圍：
地板，墻板，天花，保溫材料，石膏板，人造石，水泥纖維板，壁紙，木塑，硅酸鈣板，隔音材料，玻璃鋼，竹木制品，建筑涂料，門(mén)窗，鋁塑板，蜂窩板，建筑玻璃，裝飾織物，彩鋼板，建筑發(fā)泡材料，膠凝材料和膠粘劑等
防火測試項目：
防火評級，可燃性，難燃性，不燃性，燃燒釋放熱量，著(zhù)火性，氧指數，毒性指數，產(chǎn)煙量，燃燒滴落物，煙密度等。
建材阻燃測試標準：
EN 13501-1:2007FIRE CLASSIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTS AND BUILDING ELEMENTS. CLASSIFICATION USING TEST DATA FROM REACTION TO FIRE TESTS 建材阻燃分級標準
引用的測試方法：
EN ISO 1182建筑制品燃燒性能試驗—不燃性試驗(類(lèi)似GB/T 5464)
EN ISO 9239-1鋪地材料燃燒性能測定—輻射熱源法院(類(lèi)似GB/T 11785)
EN ISO 1716 建筑材料燃燒熱值試驗方法(類(lèi)似GB/T 14402)
EN ISO 13823建筑材料或制品的單體燃燒試驗(SBI)(類(lèi)似GB/T 20284)
EN ISO 11925-2 建筑材料可燃性測試,第二部分: 單一火源測試. (類(lèi)似GB/T 11785)
NF P 92-507:2004 Fire safety-building-Interior fitting materials-classification according to their reaction to fire 建筑內飾材料對火反應分級
M0~M4對應的測試方法包括：
NF P 92-501, Fire safety — Building — Testing how materials react to fire — Radiation test applicable to materials that are or have been made rigid (materials with bonded claddings) of any thickness and to flexible materials more than 5 mm thick.
NF P 92-503, Fire safety — Building — Testing how materials react to fire — Electric burner test applicable to flexible materials.
NF P 92-504, Fire safety — Building — Testing how materials react to fire — Persistence test and test measuring flame propagation speed.
NF P 92-505, Fire safety — Building — Testing how materials react to fire — Test applicable to fusible materials: drip test.
NF P 92-506, Building — Testing how materials react to fire — Panel-heater test for floor coverings.
EN ISO 1716 Testing how building products react to fire — Determining combustion heat
GB 8624-2006 建筑材料及制品燃燒性能分級/Classification for burning behavior of building materials and products
GB/T 20285-2006 材料產(chǎn)煙毒性危險分級/Toxic classification of fire effluents hazard for materials
BS 476-4:1970(AMD 1983) Fire tests in building materials and structures Part 4: Non-combustibility test for materials 不燃性測試
BS 476-5:1979 Fire tests in building materials and structures Part 5: method of test for ignitability 點(diǎn)燃性測試
DIN 4102 - Part 1, B1 (1998), Reaction to fire tests - Ignitability of building products subjected to direct impingement of flame. 建筑材料對火反應
ASTM E 84-15 Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials 建筑材料表面燃燒特性測定
GB 50222-2001 建筑內部裝修防火技術(shù)規范/Code for fire prevention in design of interior decoration of buildings
GB 9978-1:2008 建筑構件耐火試驗(ISO 834-1:1999 MOD)/Fire-resisitance tests - Elements of building construction Part 1: general requirements
BS 476-20/22:1987 Fire tests on building materials and structures Method for determination of the fire resistance 建筑構件耐火試驗
ASTM D 2843:1999(2004)e1 Standard Test Method for Density of Smoke from the Burning or Decomposition of plastics 塑料煙密度
ISO 5660-1:2002 Reaction-to-fire tests - Heat release, smoke production and mass loss rate - Part 1: Heat release rate (cone calorimeter method) 熱釋放速率－錐形量熱儀
ASTM E 648-2009a Standard Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor-Covering Systems Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source1 鋪地材料－輻射熱源法
ASTM D3675-2009 Standard Test Method for Surface Flammability of Flexible Cellular Materials Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
ISO 5659-2:2006 Plastics- Smoke generation Part 2: Determination of optical density by a single-chamber test塑料煙密度
AS 1530.1-1994 Methods for fire tests on building materials components and structures Part 1: Combustibility test for materials
ASTM E119 - 12 Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials 建筑構件耐火試驗
BS 6307:1982 Method for Determination of the effects of a small source of ignition on textile floor coverings (Methenamine table)小火源對鋪地織物影響的測定方法(烏洛托品片試驗)
BS 4790:1987 Method for determination of the effects of a small source of ignition on textile floor coverings (hot metal nut method)小火源對鋪地織物影響的測定方法(熱金屬螺母法)
16 CFR 1630 (FF 1-70) Standard for the surface flammability of carpets and rugs (ASTM D 2859-04)地毯和墊子表面燃燒性能標準
16 CFR 1631 (FF 1-70) Standard for the surface flammability of small carpets and rugs小地毯和墊子的表面燃燒性能標準
ISO 6925:1982 Textile floor coverings - Burning behaviour-Tablet test at ambient temperature (Methenamine table)鋪地織物.抗燃性.室溫下的烏洛托品片試驗
GB/T 11049-2008 地毯燃燒性能－室溫片劑試驗方法/Burning behaviour of Carpet - Table test at ambient temperature
GB/T 14768-1993 地毯燃燒性能45度試驗方法及評定/Carpet burning
behaviour-Test method at 45 and assessment
SOR 91-264 Hazardous Products (Carpets) Regulations (Method F-04:2004 TEST METHOD FOR EVALUATING TEXTILE FLOOR COVERINGS FOR FLAME RESISTANCE)加拿大危險產(chǎn)品(地毯)法規(測試方法F-04:2004 紡織品鋪地材料阻燃測試)
CNS14705-A3386-2008 Method of test for heat release rate for building materials - cone calorimeter method 建筑材料燃燒熱釋放率試驗法－圓錐量熱儀法
ANSI/UL 94-2013 Standard for Safety Tests for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices設備和器械零件用塑料材料的易燃性安全性試驗標準
AS 1530.1: 1994 (R2016) Methods for fire tests on building materials, components and structures - Combustibility test for materials建筑材料、成分和結構的防火測試方法 材料可燃性測試
AS 1530.4: 2014 Methods for fire tests on building materials, components and structures - Fire-resistance test of elements of construction建筑材料、構件和結構防火試驗用方法.結構構件的防火試驗
AS ISO 9239-1: 2003 Reaction to fire tests for floorings — Part 1: Determination of the burning behavior using a radiant heat source地板對火試驗的反應 - 第 1 部分：使用輻射熱源測定燃燒行為
ASTM D 4986-18 Standard Test Method for Horizontal Burning Characteristics of Cellular Polymeric Materials泡沫聚合材料水平燃燒特性的標準試驗方法
ASTM D3801-20 Standard Test Method for Measuring the Comparative Burning Characteristics of Solid Plastics in a Vertical Position垂直位置測量固體塑料比較燃燒特性的標準試驗方法
ASTM D4804-20 Standard Test Method for Determining the Flammability Characteristics of Nonrigid Solid Plastics測定非硬質(zhì)固體塑料易燃性的標準試驗方法
ASTM D5048-20 Standard Test Method for Measuring the Comparative Burning Characteristics and Resistance to Burn-Through of Solid Plastics Using a 125-mm Flame用125mm火焰測量固體塑料的比較燃燒特性和耐燒穿性的標準試驗方法
ASTM D635-18 Standard Test Method for Rate of Burning and/or Extent and Time of Burning of Plastics in a Horizontal Position塑料在水平位置條件下的燃燒速度和/或燃燒范圍和時(shí)間的標準試驗方法
BS 476: Part 20: 1987 Fire tests on building materials and structures - Method for determination of the fire resistance of elements of construction (general principles) 建筑材料和結構的燃燒試驗.第20部分:建筑構件耐火的測定方法(一般原理)
BS 476: Part 22: 1987 Fire Tests on Building Materials and Structures - Part 22: Methods for Determination of the Fire Resistance of Non-Loadbearing Elements of Construction建筑材料和結構的耐火試驗-第 22 部分：非承重結構構件耐火性的測定方法
BS 476: Part 4: 1970 Fire tests on building materials and structures - Part 4: Non-combustibility test for materials建筑材料和結構的防火試驗 - 第 4 部分：材料的不燃性試驗
BS 476-6 Fire tests on building materials and structures - Method of test for fire propagation for products建筑材料和結構的燃燒試驗.第6部分:制品火焰傳播的試驗方法
BS 476-7 Fire test on building materials and structures – Part 7: Method of test to determine the classification of the surface spread of flame of products建筑材料和結構的防火試驗-第7部分：確定產(chǎn)品火焰表面蔓延分類(lèi)的試驗方法
BS EN 1363-1: 2012 Fire resistance tests Part 1: General Requirements耐火試驗第 1 部分：一般要求
BS EN 1364-1: 2015 Fire Resistance Tests for Non-Loadbearing Elements - Part 1: Walls非承重構件的耐火試驗.第1部分:墻
BS EN 14600: 2005 Door sets and openable windows with fire resisting and/or smoke control characteristics - Requirements and classification帶耐火和/或煙控特性的整樘門(mén)和可開(kāi)窗.要求和分類(lèi)
BS EN 14600: 2005 Door sets and openable windows with fire resisting and/or smoke control characteristics - Requirements and classification帶耐火和/或煙控特性的整樘門(mén)和可開(kāi)窗.要求和分類(lèi)
BS EN 16034-2014 Pedestrian door sets, industrial, commercial, garage doors and openable windows — Product standard, performance characteristics — Fire resisting and/or smoke control characteristics行人門(mén)、工業(yè)門(mén)、商業(yè)門(mén)、車(chē)庫門(mén)和可打開(kāi)的窗戶(hù) — 產(chǎn)品標準、性能特征 — 防火和/或防煙特性
BS EN 1634-1: 2014 + A1: 2018 Fire resistance tests for door and shutter assemblies - Fire doors and shutters門(mén)和遮板組件的耐火性試驗.門(mén)和遮板的著(zhù)火
BS EN 1634-3: 2004 Fire resistance and smoke control tests for door and shutter assemblies, openable windows and elements of building hardware - Smoke control test for door and shutter assemblies門(mén)和遮板組件、窗戶(hù)和建筑建材配件的耐火和防煙控制試驗.門(mén)和遮板組件的防煙控制試驗
BS EN ISO 1182: 2010 Reaction to Fire Tests for Building Products - Non-Combustibility Test建筑材料著(zhù)火試驗.反應不燃性試驗
BS EN ISO 11925-2: 2010 Reaction to Fire Tests - Ignitability of Building Products Subjected to Direct Impingement of Flame - Part 2: Single-Flame Source Test著(zhù)火試驗反應.火焰直接作用下建筑產(chǎn)品的可燃性.第2部分:單一火焰源試驗
BS EN ISO 1716: 2018 Reaction to fire tests for products. Determination of the gross heat of combustion (calorific value) 建筑產(chǎn)品著(zhù)火反應試驗.總燃燒熱的測定(熱值)
BS EN ISO 9239-1: 2010 Reaction to fire tests for floorings — Part 1: Determination of the burning behavior using a radiant heat source地板對火試驗的反應 - 第 1 部分：使用輻射熱源測定燃燒行為
DIN 53438 Part 2: June 1984 Testing of combustible materials; response to ignition by a small flame; edge ignition可燃材料的檢驗.對用小火焰點(diǎn)火的反應.邊緣燃燒
DIN 53438 Part 3: June 1984 Testing of combustible materials; response to ignition by a small flame; surface ignition可燃材料的檢驗.對小火焰點(diǎn)火的反應.表面點(diǎn)火
EN ISO 1182: 2002 Reaction to Fire Tests for Building Products - Non-Combustibility Test建筑材料著(zhù)火試驗.反應不燃性試驗
EN ISO 11925-2: 2002 Reaction to Fire Tests - Ignitability of Building Products Subjected to Direct Impingement of Flame - Part 2: Single-Flame Source Test著(zhù)火試驗反應.火焰直接作用下建筑產(chǎn)品的可燃性.第2部分:單一火焰源試驗
EN ISO 1716: 2002 Reaction to fire tests for products. Determination of the gross heat of combustion (calorific value) 建筑產(chǎn)品著(zhù)火反應試驗.總燃燒熱的測定(熱值)
EN ISO 9239-1: 2002 Reaction to fire tests for floorings — Part 1: Determination of the burning behavior using a radiant heat source地板對火試驗的反應 - 第 1 部分：使用輻射熱源測定燃燒行為
GB/T 11785-2005 Reaction to fire tests for floorings. Determination of the burning behavior using a radiant heat source鋪地材料的燃燒性能測定 輻射熱源法
GB/T 12513-2006 Fire-resistance tests - Elements of building construction - Glazed elements鑲玻璃構件耐火試驗方法
GB/T 14402-2007 Reaction to fire tests for building materials and products. Determination of the heat of combustion建筑材料及制品的燃燒性能燃燒熱值的測定
GB/T 2408-2008 Plastics. Determination of burning characteristics. Horizontal and vertical test塑料.燃燒性能的測定.水平法和垂直法
GB/T 5464-2010 Non-combustibility test method for building materials建筑材料不燃性試驗方法
GB/T 7633-2008 Fire resistance tests-Door and shutter assemblies門(mén)和卷簾的耐火試驗方法
GB/T 8332-2008 Test method for flammability of cellular plastic. Horizonal burning method泡沫塑料燃燒性能試驗方法.水平燃燒法
GB/T 8626-2007 Test method of flammability for building materials建筑材料可燃性試驗方法
GB/T 9978.1-2008 Fire-resistance tests. Elements of building construction.Part1:General requirements建筑構件耐火試驗方法.第1部分:通用要求
GB/T 9978.8-2008 Fire-resistance tests. Elements of building construction.Part8:Specific requirements for non-loadbearing vertical separating elements建筑構件耐火試驗方法.第8部分:非承重垂直分隔構件的特殊要求
IEC 60695-11-10: 2013 Fire hazard testing. Part 11-10: Test flames.50 W horizontal and vertical flame test methods著(zhù)火危險試驗.第11-10部分:試驗火焰.50 W水平及垂直火焰試驗法
IEC 60695-11-20: 2015 Fire hazard testing - Part 11-20: Test flames - 500 W flame test method著(zhù)火危險試驗.第11-20部分:試驗火焰:500W火焰試驗方法
ISO 9772: 2012 Cellular plastics - Determination of horizontal burning characteristics of small specimens subjected to a small flame泡沫塑料 小火焰小試樣的水平燃燒特性的測定